April 22nd, 2010 by Andy
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April 21st, 2010 by Andy
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This post presents a basic primer on how to develop an M&A strategy for your company. If your company is interested in leveraging mergers, acquisitions, or divestitures you should have a basic strategy that has been documented and reviewed/approved by key stakeholders such as the executive team, board of directors, key investors, and debt holders. The presentation lays out a simple seven step process that be typically be completed in a couple of weeks. It also includes a few examples of various deliverables that could be helpful in your efforts.
M&A strategy is highly dependent on your company’s overall business strategy. In fact, it is practically impossible to develop an M&A strategy unless a basic 3 to 5 year strategic business plan is in place. Good M&A strategies are extensions of your business strategy – M&A is simply one tool that can be used to achieve your overall business objectives. You should do a comprehensive update of your M&A strategy in conjunction with your annual business and budget planning. The strategy and your progress against it should be reviewed each quarter as a part of your normal quarterly business review process.
There have been thousands of books and blogs written about M&A. This presentation does not hold itself out to be the definitive work on the topic. Instead, the presentation provides a basic overview of the topics and analytical techniques you should use to build and maintain your M&A strategy.
April 21st, 2010 by Andy
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原文出处:第一财经网:http://www.yicai.com/news/2010/04/339322.html
中国最容易被人反复提起的是“劳动力价格”的比较优势,但最容易被人忽略的是“国家宏观管理成本”的比较劣势,笔者认为,正是这个比较劣势造成了中国的畸形物价。
在全球金融危机之后,地球上令人困惑的事越来越多。
今年2 月,知名经济学家左晓蕾女士写了一篇文章,题目叫《中国和泰国物价之比让人困惑》,说春节去泰国,发现所有的价格都比中国同类消费品便宜。中国一般消费品价格,与人均GDP超过中国37%的泰国相比,平均高出30%~40%.
同样的问题也发生在法国商品价格上。她比较了某一法国制造的服装价格与进口的同一服装价格,按欧元与人民币11:1计,中国国内价格几乎高出在法国的价格一倍。她在美国也有过这样的经历,比如加州机场商店的美制风衣,按照1:8的兑换率,风衣价格连进口价格的五分之二都不到。若按1:6.8的兑换率,价差更大。如果与国内机场内的同类进口商品价格相比较,差价更为离谱。而法国人的人均GDP高出中国10倍还多,美国的人均GDP超过中国15倍。
“这实在不符合国际贸易的理论和实践,也不符合发展经济学的理论和实践,需要重新认识和诠释世界经济发展的规律,如此,世界经济和中国经济的平衡发展才能有希望。”
左女士提出了问题,但是没有给出答案。而这个问题迫切需要答案,不然我们就会丧失一次抓住中国真问题的契机。
这个调查和社会大众的感受是吻合的,所以国内出现了不少“代购”一族,专门到海外买便宜货。而人力资源服务机构ECA在2009年6月的调查也可以加以印证——继日本东京等四个城市之后,北京、上海、香港成为亚洲生活消费最为昂贵的城市。京、沪、港三市分别从上年度的全球104、111和98位,飙升至26、28和29位。在被调查的亚洲城市中,前十名中国城市占了半壁江山——北京、上海、香港、深圳、广州。此外,天津等10个城市也排进了前30名。
» Read more: 中国物价为何比美国、泰国高
April 20th, 2010 by Andy
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1
Country name[10]
Alpha-2
Alpha-3
Numeric
ISO 3166-2 codes
Afghanistan
AF
AFG
004
ISO 3166-2:AF
Åland Islands
AX
ALA
248
ISO 3166-2:AX
Albania
AL
ALB
008
ISO 3166-2:AL
Algeria
DZ
DZA
012
ISO 3166-2:DZ
American Samoa
AS
ASM
016
ISO 3166-2:AS
Andorra
AD
AND
020
ISO 3166-2:AD
Angola
AO
AGO
024
ISO 3166-2:AO
Anguilla
AI
AIA
660
ISO 3166-2:AI
Antarctica
AQ
ATA
010
ISO 3166-2:AQ
Antigua and Barbuda
AG
ATG
028
ISO 3166-2:AG
Argentina
AR
ARG
032
ISO 3166-2:AR
Armenia
AM
ARM
051
ISO 3166-2:AM
Aruba
AW
ABW
533
ISO 3166-2:AW
Australia
AU
AUS
036
ISO 3166-2:AU
Austria
AT
AUT
040
ISO 3166-2:AT
Azerbaijan
AZ
AZE
031
ISO 3166-2:AZ
Bahamas
BS
BHS
044
ISO 3166-2:BS
Bahrain
BH
BHR
048
ISO 3166-2:BH
Bangladesh
BD
BGD
050
ISO 3166-2:BD
Barbados
BB
BRB
052
ISO 3166-2:BB
Belarus
BY
BLR
112
ISO 3166-2:BY
Belgium
BE
BEL
056
ISO 3166-2:BE
Belize
BZ
BLZ
084
ISO 3166-2:BZ
Benin
BJ
BEN
204
ISO 3166-2:BJ
Bermuda
BM
BMU
060
ISO 3166-2:BM
Bhutan
BT
BTN
064
ISO 3166-2:BT
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
BO
BOL
068
ISO 3166-2:BO
Bosnia and Herzegovina
BA
BIH
070
ISO 3166-2:BA
Botswana
BW
BWA
072
ISO 3166-2:BW
Bouvet Island
BV
BVT
074
ISO 3166-2:BV
Brazil
BR
BRA
076
ISO 3166-2:BR
British Indian Ocean Territory
IO
IOT
086
ISO 3166-2:IO
Brunei Darussalam
BN
BRN
096
ISO 3166-2:BN
Bulgaria
BG
BGR
100
ISO 3166-2:BG
Burkina Faso
BF
BFA
854
ISO 3166-2:BF
Burundi
BI
BDI
108
ISO 3166-2:BI
Cambodia
KH
KHM
116
ISO 3166-2:KH
Cameroon
CM
CMR
120
ISO 3166-2:CM
Canada
CA
CAN
124
ISO 3166-2:CA
Cape Verde
CV
CPV
132
ISO 3166-2:CV
Cayman Islands
KY
CYM
136
ISO 3166-2:KY
Central African Republic
CF
CAF
140
ISO 3166-2:CF
Chad
TD
TCD
148
ISO 3166-2:TD
Chile
CL
CHL
152
ISO 3166-2:CL
China
CN
CHN
156
ISO 3166-2:CN
Christmas Island
CX
CXR
162
ISO 3166-2:CX
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
CC
CCK
166
ISO 3166-2:CC
Colombia
CO
COL
170
ISO 3166-2:CO
Comoros
KM
COM
174
ISO 3166-2:KM
Congo
CG
COG
178
ISO 3166-2:CG
Congo, the Democratic Republic of the
CD
COD
180
ISO 3166-2:CD
Cook Islands
CK
COK
184
ISO 3166-2:CK
Costa Rica
CR
CRI
188
ISO 3166-2:CR
Côte d’Ivoire
CI
CIV
384
ISO 3166-2:CI
Croatia
HR
HRV
191
ISO 3166-2:HR
Cuba
CU
CUB
192
ISO 3166-2:CU
Cyprus
CY
CYP
196
ISO 3166-2:CY
Czech Republic
CZ
CZE
203
ISO 3166-2:CZ
Denmark
DK
DNK
208
ISO 3166-2:DK
Djibouti
DJ
DJI
262
ISO 3166-2:DJ
Dominica
DM
DMA
212
ISO 3166-2:DM
Dominican Republic
DO
DOM
214
ISO 3166-2:DO
Ecuador
EC
ECU
218
ISO 3166-2:EC
Egypt
EG
EGY
818
ISO 3166-2:EG
El Salvador
SV
SLV
222
ISO 3166-2:SV
Equatorial Guinea
GQ
GNQ
226
ISO 3166-2:GQ
Eritrea
ER
ERI
232
ISO 3166-2:ER
Estonia
EE
EST
233
ISO 3166-2:EE
Ethiopia
ET
ETH
231
ISO 3166-2:ET
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
FK
FLK
238
ISO 3166-2:FK
Faroe Islands
FO
FRO
234
ISO 3166-2:FO
Fiji
FJ
FJI
242
ISO 3166-2:FJ
Finland
FI
FIN
246
ISO 3166-2:FI
France
FR
FRA
250
ISO 3166-2:FR
French Guiana
GF
GUF
254
ISO 3166-2:GF
French Polynesia
PF
PYF
258
ISO 3166-2:PF
French Southern Territories
TF
ATF
260
ISO 3166-2:TF
Gabon
GA
GAB
266
ISO 3166-2:GA
Gambia
GM
GMB
270
ISO 3166-2:GM
Georgia
GE
GEO
268
ISO 3166-2:GE
Germany
DE
DEU
276
ISO 3166-2:DE
Ghana
GH
GHA
288
ISO 3166-2:GH
Gibraltar
GI
GIB
292
ISO 3166-2:GI
Greece
GR
GRC
300
ISO 3166-2:GR
Greenland
GL
GRL
304
ISO 3166-2:GL
Grenada
GD
GRD
308
ISO 3166-2:GD
Guadeloupe
GP
GLP
312
ISO 3166-2:GP
Guam
GU
GUM
316
ISO 3166-2:GU
Guatemala
GT
GTM
320
ISO 3166-2:GT
Guernsey
GG
GGY
831
ISO 3166-2:GG
Guinea
GN
GIN
324
ISO 3166-2:GN
Guinea-Bissau
GW
GNB
624
ISO 3166-2:GW
Guyana
GY
GUY
328
ISO 3166-2:GY
Haiti
HT
HTI
332
ISO 3166-2:HT
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
HM
HMD
334
ISO 3166-2:HM
Holy See (Vatican City State)
VA
VAT
336
ISO 3166-2:VA
Honduras
HN
HND
340
ISO 3166-2:HN
Hong Kong
HK
HKG
344
ISO 3166-2:HK
Hungary
HU
HUN
348
ISO 3166-2:HU
Iceland
IS
ISL
352
ISO 3166-2:IS
India
IN
IND
356
ISO 3166-2:IN
Indonesia
ID
IDN
360
ISO 3166-2:ID
Iran, Islamic Republic of
IR
IRN
364
ISO 3166-2:IR
Iraq
IQ
IRQ
368
ISO 3166-2:IQ
Ireland
IE
IRL
372
ISO 3166-2:IE
Isle of Man
IM
IMN
833
ISO 3166-2:IM
Israel
IL
ISR
376
ISO 3166-2:IL
Italy
IT
ITA
380
ISO 3166-2:IT
Jamaica
JM
JAM
388
ISO 3166-2:JM
Japan
JP
JPN
392
ISO 3166-2:JP
Jersey
JE
JEY
832
ISO 3166-2:JE
Jordan
JO
JOR
400
ISO 3166-2:JO
Kazakhstan
KZ
KAZ
398
ISO 3166-2:KZ
Kenya
KE
KEN
404
ISO 3166-2:KE
Kiribati
KI
KIR
296
ISO 3166-2:KI
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of
KP
PRK
408
ISO 3166-2:KP
Korea, Republic of
KR
KOR
410
ISO 3166-2:KR
Kuwait
KW
KWT
414
ISO 3166-2:KW
Kyrgyzstan
KG
KGZ
417
ISO 3166-2:KG
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
LA
LAO
418
ISO 3166-2:LA
Latvia
LV
LVA
428
ISO 3166-2:LV
Lebanon
LB
LBN
422
ISO 3166-2:LB
Lesotho
LS
LSO
426
ISO 3166-2:LS
Liberia
LR
LBR
430
ISO 3166-2:LR
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
LY
LBY
434
ISO 3166-2:LY
Liechtenstein
LI
LIE
438
ISO 3166-2:LI
Lithuania
LT
LTU
440
ISO 3166-2:LT
Luxembourg
LU
LUX
442
ISO 3166-2:LU
Macao
MO
MAC
446
ISO 3166-2:MO
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of
MK
MKD
807
ISO 3166-2:MK
Madagascar
MG
MDG
450
ISO 3166-2:MG
Malawi
MW
MWI
454
ISO 3166-2:MW
Malaysia
MY
MYS
458
ISO 3166-2:MY
Maldives
MV
MDV
462
ISO 3166-2:MV
Mali
ML
MLI
466
ISO 3166-2:ML
Malta
MT
MLT
470
ISO 3166-2:MT
Marshall Islands
MH
MHL
584
ISO 3166-2:MH
Martinique
MQ
MTQ
474
ISO 3166-2:MQ
Mauritania
MR
MRT
478
ISO 3166-2:MR
Mauritius
MU
MUS
480
ISO 3166-2:MU
Mayotte
YT
MYT
175
ISO 3166-2:YT
Mexico
MX
MEX
484
ISO 3166-2:MX
Micronesia, Federated States of
FM
FSM
583
ISO 3166-2:FM
Moldova, Republic of
MD
MDA
498
ISO 3166-2:MD
Monaco
MC
MCO
492
ISO 3166-2:MC
Mongolia
MN
MNG
496
ISO 3166-2:MN
Montenegro
ME
MNE
499
ISO 3166-2:ME
Montserrat
MS
MSR
500
ISO 3166-2:MS
Morocco
MA
MAR
504
ISO 3166-2:MA
Mozambique
MZ
MOZ
508
ISO 3166-2:MZ
Myanmar
MM
MMR
104
ISO 3166-2:MM
Namibia
NA
NAM
516
ISO 3166-2:NA
Nauru
NR
NRU
520
ISO 3166-2:NR
Nepal
NP
NPL
524
ISO 3166-2:NP
Netherlands
NL
NLD
528
ISO 3166-2:NL
Netherlands Antilles
AN
ANT
530
ISO 3166-2:AN
New Caledonia
NC
NCL
540
ISO 3166-2:NC
New Zealand
NZ
NZL
554
ISO 3166-2:NZ
Nicaragua
NI
NIC
558
ISO 3166-2:NI
Niger
NE
NER
562
ISO 3166-2:NE
Nigeria
NG
NGA
566
ISO 3166-2:NG
Niue
NU
NIU
570
ISO 3166-2:NU
Norfolk Island
NF
NFK
574
ISO 3166-2:NF
Northern Mariana Islands
MP
MNP
580
ISO 3166-2:MP
Norway
NO
NOR
578
ISO 3166-2:NO
Oman
OM
OMN
512
ISO 3166-2:OM
Pakistan
PK
PAK
586
ISO 3166-2:PK
Palau
PW
PLW
585
ISO 3166-2:PW
Palestinian Territory, Occupied
PS
PSE
275
ISO 3166-2:PS
Panama
PA
PAN
591
ISO 3166-2:PA
Papua New Guinea
PG
PNG
598
ISO 3166-2:PG
Paraguay
PY
PRY
600
ISO 3166-2:PY
Peru
PE
PER
604
ISO 3166-2:PE
Philippines
PH
PHL
608
ISO 3166-2:PH
Pitcairn
PN
PCN
612
ISO 3166-2:PN
Poland
PL
POL
616
ISO 3166-2:PL
Portugal
PT
PRT
620
ISO 3166-2:PT
Puerto Rico
PR
PRI
630
ISO 3166-2:PR
Qatar
QA
QAT
634
ISO 3166-2:QA
Réunion
RE
REU
638
ISO 3166-2:RE
Romania
RO
ROU
642
ISO 3166-2:RO
Russian Federation
RU
RUS
643
ISO 3166-2:RU
Rwanda
RW
RWA
646
ISO 3166-2:RW
Saint Barthélemy
BL
BLM
652
ISO 3166-2:BL
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
SH
SHN
654
ISO 3166-2:SH
Saint Kitts and Nevis
KN
KNA
659
ISO 3166-2:KN
Saint Lucia
LC
LCA
662
ISO 3166-2:LC
Saint Martin (French part)
MF
MAF
663
ISO 3166-2:MF
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
PM
SPM
666
ISO 3166-2:PM
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
VC
VCT
670
ISO 3166-2:VC
Samoa
WS
WSM
882
ISO 3166-2:WS
San Marino
SM
SMR
674
ISO 3166-2:SM
Sao Tome and Principe
ST
STP
678
ISO 3166-2:ST
Saudi Arabia
SA
SAU
682
ISO 3166-2:SA
Senegal
SN
SEN
686
ISO 3166-2:SN
Serbia
RS
SRB
688
ISO 3166-2:RS
Seychelles
SC
SYC
690
ISO 3166-2:SC
Sierra Leone
SL
SLE
694
ISO 3166-2:SL
Singapore
SG
SGP
702
ISO 3166-2:SG
Slovakia
SK
SVK
703
ISO 3166-2:SK
Slovenia
SI
SVN
705
ISO 3166-2:SI
Solomon Islands
SB
SLB
090
ISO 3166-2:SB
Somalia
SO
SOM
706
ISO 3166-2:SO
South Africa
ZA
ZAF
710
ISO 3166-2:ZA
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
GS
SGS
239
ISO 3166-2:GS
Spain
ES
ESP
724
ISO 3166-2:ES
Sri Lanka
LK
LKA
144
ISO 3166-2:LK
Sudan
SD
SDN
736
ISO 3166-2:SD
Suriname
SR
SUR
740
ISO 3166-2:SR
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
SJ
SJM
744
ISO 3166-2:SJ
Swaziland
SZ
SWZ
748
ISO 3166-2:SZ
Sweden
SE
SWE
752
ISO 3166-2:SE
Switzerland
CH
CHE
756
ISO 3166-2:CH
Syrian Arab Republic
SY
SYR
760
ISO 3166-2:SY
Taiwan, Province of China
TW
TWN
158
ISO 3166-2:TW
Tajikistan
TJ
TJK
762
ISO 3166-2:TJ
Tanzania, United Republic of
TZ
TZA
834
ISO 3166-2:TZ
Thailand
TH
THA
764
ISO 3166-2:TH
Timor-Leste
TL
TLS
626
ISO 3166-2:TL
Togo
TG
TGO
768
ISO 3166-2:TG
Tokelau
TK
TKL
772
ISO 3166-2:TK
Tonga
TO
TON
776
ISO 3166-2:TO
Trinidad and Tobago
TT
TTO
780
ISO 3166-2:TT
Tunisia
TN
TUN
788
ISO 3166-2:TN
Turkey
TR
TUR
792
ISO 3166-2:TR
Turkmenistan
TM
TKM
795
ISO 3166-2:TM
Turks and Caicos Islands
TC
TCA
796
ISO 3166-2:TC
Tuvalu
TV
TUV
798
ISO 3166-2:TV
Uganda
UG
UGA
800
ISO 3166-2:UG
Ukraine
UA
UKR
804
ISO 3166-2:UA
United Arab Emirates
AE
ARE
784
ISO 3166-2:AE
United Kingdom
GB
GBR
826
ISO 3166-2:GB
United States
US
USA
840
ISO 3166-2:US
United States Minor Outlying Islands
UM
UMI
581
ISO 3166-2:UM
Uruguay
UY
URY
858
ISO 3166-2:UY
Uzbekistan
UZ
UZB
860
ISO 3166-2:UZ
Vanuatu
VU
VUT
548
ISO 3166-2:VU
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
VE
VEN
862
ISO 3166-2:VE
Viet Nam
VN
VNM
704
ISO 3166-2:VN
Virgin Islands, British
VG
VGB
092
ISO 3166-2:VG
Virgin Islands, U.S.
VI
VIR
850
ISO 3166-2:VI
Wallis and Futuna
WF
WLF
876
ISO 3166-2:WF
Western Sahara
EH
ESH
732
ISO 3166-2:EH
Yemen
YE
YEM
887
ISO 3166-2:YE
Zambia
ZM
ZMB
894
ISO 3166-2:ZM
Zimbabwe
ZW
ZWE
716
ISO 3166-2:ZW